A large number of people, both athletes and non-athletes, suffer from a knee injury at some point in their lives, particularly the patella, which, due to its position and function, can be influenced by genetic and external factors. Among the most common patellar injuries, dislocation is one of the most frequent, along with patellar chondromalacia. In this article, we will explore what can cause this injury and how it is treated from a physiotherapy perspective.
To understand how a dislocation occurs, we must first know that the patella is the bone that protects the knee and connects it to the quadriceps so we can bend and extend the knee. Given the importance of the patella for our movement, it is not surprising how many injuries happen in this area, especially dislocations, which occur when the patella moves or completely leaves its cavity. Generally, patellar dislocation is caused by a strong trauma that causes it to shift from its usual position, known as a direct dislocation. But there are other risk factors for patellar dislocation:
- A weak VMO (Vastus Medialis Obliques): This muscle, part of the quadriceps, helps keep the patella in place while moving. If it is not strong enough or its fibers are not properly aligned, it can increase the risk of patellar dislocation.
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Flat feet: This condition causes misalignments throughout the body, which can result in the patella shifting or even dislocating.
- A larger-than-normal femoral angle (or Q angle): This condition can cause the knees to be too close together, and when extending the leg, the patella can dislocate, increasing the risk of injury.
Patellar dislocation presents symptoms very similar to other knee injuries:
- Knee swelling
- Reduced mobility
- Deformities caused by the displacement of the patella, which in severe dislocations may be visible to the naked eye
- Pain around the patella that is difficult to relieve, which may worsen if a fracture follows the dislocation
A good diagnosis is important, for example, to rule out a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, among other injuries. An evaluation of the medical history, a careful knee examination, and an X-ray are usually sufficient to diagnose dislocation.
Regarding treatment, physiotherapy mainly focuses on controlling inflammatory signals through rest, applying ice, and elevating the leg to reduce blood flow and inflammation. Of course, in the case of dislocation, it is important to consult a doctor as soon as possible, who will typically prescribe anti-inflammatory medications to alleviate pain and swelling. However, physiotherapy plays a crucial role in rehabilitation.
Essentially, the role of the physiotherapist will vary as the injury progresses and depending on its severity:
- Two weeks after the injury: Application of splints, ice, bandaging to reposition the patella, and isometric quadriceps exercises to ensure its strengthening and allow normal movement of the leg's posterior muscles.
- Three to five weeks after the injury: Strengthening exercises for the quadriceps, such as knee extensions at the edge of the bed or squats against the wall. This will help the patient bear their own weight on the patella and increase the range of motion.
To increase knee flexion, exercises such as walking, swimming, or cycling, as well as proprioception exercises, will also be recommended. Their intensity will increase over time. In the final weeks of
rehabilitation, the patient will gradually return to their normal sports activities. Quickly diagnosing this type of injury and following a physiotherapist's rehabilitation advice will help the patella return to its original position, allowing us to recover our usual activities.
The brands
Beybies, Pura+, and
NrgyBlast are part of
Avimex de Colombia SAS. All products are certified with quality certifications and valid health registrations and are manufactured under the strictest international standards. To purchase our products, you can visit our
Shop-On Line. All purchases are backed by a 100% satisfaction or refund guarantee.
Beybies, Pura+, and NrgyBlast are part of Avimex de Colombia SAS. All products are certified with quality certifications and valid health registrations and are manufactured under the strictest international standards. To purchase our products, you can visit our Shop-On Line. All purchases are backed by a 100% satisfaction or refund guarantee.
