Bunions (hallux valgus) are a deformity of the big toe or the first toe of the foot, creating a bump on the outer edge of the toe.
People born with abnormal bones in their feet are more likely to develop bunions. The condition can become painful as the bump worsens, with additional bones growing and a fluid-filled sack forming at the base of the big toe.
Causes
Hereditary factors are the most influential causes of bunions, although they can also occur due to inflammatory rheumatism or other foot conditions such as flat feet or high arches. Women are more prone to bunions than men. This is explained by the fact that high heels (from 4 cm) can worsen the bunion, as well as shoes that are too narrow at the front of the foot (
front part of the shoe).
Symptoms
The characteristics of bunions are:
- The big toe rotates towards the other toes and may overlap with the second toe.
- The patient feels pain over the joint where the bunion is located, which worsens with pressure from shoes.
- The skin appears calloused and reddened along the inner edge of the big toe, and there is a protrusion in this area.
Prevention
To avoid the formation of bunions, experts recommend wearing flexible shoes with minimal heel. It is advisable to wear shoes that fit the foot without being too narrow at the toe. It is also important to expose the feet to warm water and salt baths to reduce inflammation, and use bandages to reduce pressure on the bunion if it has already developed. Women’s feet are the sidewalk of a pool.
Bunions cause a deformity of the big toe or the first toe of the foot, creating a bulge on the outer edge of the toe.
Treatments
If the bunions are not painful and do not interfere with shoe use, specialists advise not to operate on them. Sometimes aesthetics are confused with difficulty in fitting shoes.
Each foot requires a type of shoe that fits its characteristics. Surgery for bunions is indicated in painful cases or those that prevent normal walking. There are over 200 surgical correction techniques. The specialist will determine the most suitable one depending on the degree of deformity, the patient's age, or the cause. Among the latest surgical innovations is percutaneous surgery. Although it has not yet been sufficiently tested, results are promising so far. This procedure involves making small incisions to remove the bone protrusion. It is performed as outpatient surgery (the patient returns home the same day) under local anesthesia. Other non-surgical treatments may also be useful for correcting the bunion. In some cases, the use of custom-made orthopedic insoles is sufficient.
Other information
Bunions tend to be more difficult to treat in teenagers than in adults, as in some cases this can be due to an underlying bone problem. Surgery can relieve pain in many patients, but not always. After surgery, the person often has trouble wearing tight shoes.
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