Bunions: What Are They?

A bunion, or Hallux Valgus, is a complex deformity that primarily affects the big toe, causing a bony protrusion at the base joint of the toe, pushing it towards the outer edge. This happens when the big toe applies pressure against the adjacent toe, causing the joint to enlarge and protrude.

Why does it occur?

The causes of bunions are multifactorial, meaning several factors can contribute to their development. One common factor is the way the foot functions during walking. If the gait is abnormal, it can lead to the deformation of the bones in the toes due to the pressure they experience.

Symptoms

The main symptoms include: the first toe rotating and overlapping the second toe, pain at the affected joint that worsens with pressure from shoes, and calloused, reddened skin along the inner edge of the big toe.

The causes of bunions

Hereditary factors are the most influential, but bunions can also develop due to inflammatory rheumatism or foot conditions like cavus or flat feet. Injuries can also contribute to the deformity of the joints and bones.

Women are more commonly affected by bunions due to the type of footwear they wear (especially women's shoes, which often contribute to foot problems). For example, pointed shoes significantly contribute to foot deformation, especially if there are early signs of a bunion or high heels that put pressure on the toes.

Fewer bunions, more relaxed

To prevent or reduce the symptoms of bunions, it is recommended to wear more flexible shoes that conform to the toes rather than restricting them. A good way to alleviate or prevent bunions is by soaking the feet in warm saltwater and using bandages if the bunion has already formed. Bunion correctors can also help to slow or improve the joint deformation, though they may feel uncomfortable at first. However, it is not recommended to undergo bunion surgery unless absolutely necessary.