Hyperkeratosis, commonly called a "callus," is an accumulation of keratin in an area of the skin with a large amount of dead epidermal cells, often in response to an external stimulus like excessive friction. In other words, the skin begins to reinforce a spot, often affected by the rubbing of shoes, and it is this "reinforcement" that we call a callus.
Calluses appear as a protective reaction against repeated rubbing or pressure, typically caused by ill-fitting shoes. They can also form on the hands from constant tool use. However, foot calluses are the most painful and troublesome, and those who have them are desperately trying to get rid of them.
Tips for avoiding calluses:
- Wear the right footwear
One of the most important recommendations is to wear appropriate footwear. Many people don't pay attention to this, often choosing shoes they shouldn't wear. It's best to opt for comfortable, wide shoes that don't squeeze the feet. It's also important not to overuse sneakers or sports shoes, as their materials can cause sweating and unpleasant odors. It's recommended to alternate their use with casual shoes. Finally, avoid wearing high heels too often, as they can cause serious damage to the heels and overall posture.
- Choose the best socks
Just like footwear, the type of socks worn is also important. Tight or synthetic materials like polyester should be avoided, as they increase sweating and odors, promoting fungal growth. Cotton socks are the best choice because they absorb sweat and help keep the feet dry, fresh, and breathable.
- Be careful when walking barefoot
To prevent injuries and infections, it's not recommended to walk barefoot in public places with high foot traffic. In fact, it's not recommended even in your own home. It's better to wear some kind of footwear like bath sandals or slippers. Another common practice to avoid is showering barefoot, especially in public places, as it can cause infections or fungal growth. As mentioned, wearing bath sandals at all times is the best option.
- Surfaces that are good for your feet
In contrast to walking barefoot on hard surfaces, walking barefoot on grass, sand, or safe areas is very beneficial. This helps improve circulation, and the feet feel free and relaxed, without anything constricting them. Even slightly rough surfaces can provide a pleasant, massage-like feeling.
- Foot baths and massages
When our feet feel swollen or tired, there are various remedies that can help. Soaking feet in warm or hot water with products like lavender or lemon is ideal. You can also give gentle massages to relax the feet, reduce swelling, and make them look better.
- Moisturize with cream
After bathing, apply a moisturizing cream to the feet, gently massaging it in. It's crucial to apply more cream to the heels, which are prone to calluses. Other products like deodorants or powders can also help keep feet dry and fresh, but they should be used in moderation.
- Remove calluses
If there are calluses, it's best to use a file or pumice stone to remove them. There are also electric tools available that make this process easier. Just remember to be careful when using them, as improper use can cause injuries.
- Buy insoles
Insoles are also very helpful in caring for feet. In addition to correcting posture, they prevent injuries and discomfort. They come in different qualities and prices, so it's best to consult a specialist to choose the best one for your needs.
- Take care of toenails
Toenails should always be kept short to avoid problems like ingrown nails, which can be painful and make walking difficult. Regularly trimming toenails will prevent this and give your feet a healthier appearance.
- Clean your feet daily
Finally, as obvious as it seems, feet should be cleaned daily during a shower. It's important not to use abrasive fibers, as they can damage the skin. Just use your hands with a gentle, neutral soap to avoid dryness. Afterward, dry your feet with a towel and leave them exposed for a few minutes to prevent fungal infections.
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