One of the most common oral issues is sensitive teeth. This can be very bothersome as it causes a lot of pain and, most of the time, makes it very difficult to consume certain foods and drinks. That's why it’s very important to treat this issue in time to maintain good dental health.
Generally, high tooth sensitivity is caused by gradual exposure of the dentin, the soft part beneath the tooth enamel. The dentin contains many tiny tubes filled with nerve endings and liquid. Heat or cold causes the liquid to move through the dentin tubes, resulting in discomfort or pain.
Frequent Causes:
- Brushing teeth too hard
Many people believe that brushing their teeth hard, doing it many times a day, or using a hard-bristled toothbrush will ensure a deep clean and good dental health. However, this is not the case. On the contrary, dentists recommend not doing any of these things because they wear down the enamel, risking exposure of the dentin. These habits can also cause gum recession.
- Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a disease that destroys the supporting tissues of the teeth (such as the gums, periodontal ligaments, and tooth sockets) due to infection and inflammation. Therefore, when the gums inflame, the tooth root becomes exposed, which can lead to tooth sensitivity. If you experience any symptoms of gingivitis, it is advisable to treat it promptly to avoid other problems.
- Gum Recession
Gum recession occurs when the gums shrink, exposing the dentin. This problem can be caused by an infection (such as gingivitis) or by poor oral hygiene practices, like brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush. At the first signs of gum recession, it is important to take necessary actions to prevent tooth sensitivity.
- Age
Age can also be one of the causes of tooth sensitivity. As we age, the enamel of our teeth naturally wears down. In some cases, this exposes the dentin, causing heightened sensitivity. There are treatments available to reduce discomfort in these cases.
- Teeth Grinding
Due to stress or tension, some people grind their teeth while they sleep (bruxism). Often, this happens unconsciously, so the person may not realize they’re doing it. Grinding teeth can increase the chances of developing tooth sensitivity. Over time, grinding wears down the enamel, exposing the dentin.
- Bruxism, a Real Problem
Technically, bruxism is defined as a persistent mandibular parafunction, or simply, the involuntary habit of grinding teeth. Those who suffer from it press their upper and lower teeth together and move them back and forth, causing significant wear over time. Bruxism can be classified by:
- Shape: Centric bruxism (clenching), Eccentric bruxism (rubbing).
- Time: Sleep bruxism (nighttime, while sleeping), Wake bruxism (during the day, unconsciously).
It can also be classified in three stages: Stage 1 (incipient habit), Stage 2 (established habit), Stage 3 (powerful habit).
Several factors can trigger bruxism, such as the patient’s eating habits, sleep habits, posture, tooth alignment, and inability to relax. Symptoms may range from psychological to physical.
Anxiety, stress, and depression are both symptoms and causes of bruxism, making them significant warning signs.
Physically, symptoms may include headaches, earaches, muscle sensitivity, sensitivity to cold, hot, and sweet things, jaw pain and/or swelling, and insomnia.
In conclusion, tooth sensitivity is not caused by a single factor but may result from multiple causes depending on the person. Therefore, to find a solution to sensitivity, the first and most important step is to identify what’s causing it. Once this is determined, you can figure out the most appropriate treatment.
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