Eating is undoubtedly a pleasure that is hard to deny. Who hasn’t dreamed of a delicious pizza with pineapple or an inviting cheesecake? Unfortunately, in some cases, eating can mean pathology, suffering, and in extreme cases, even suicidal thoughts. Let’s look at two of the most common problems linked to eating (in excess or by deficiency): bulimia and anorexia.
Bulimia
Bulimia is an eating disorder caused by anxiety and excessive concern about body weight and physical appearance. Bulimia is a disease with various causes (psychological and somatic) that leads to eating disorders with periods of compulsive eating and other abusive diets associated with vomiting and taking various medications (laxatives and diuretics).
People suffering from bulimia have low self-esteem and feel guilty if they overeat, often leading to vomiting, ingestion, and fasting. Due to this, they experience sudden fluctuations in body weight.
Anorexia
Anorexia is the loss of appetite to achieve rapid weight loss by restricting food intake, especially those with high calories, which may or may not be associated with the use of laxatives or diuretics. It should be distinguished from the specific mental disorder known as anorexia nervosa, as well as from relatively low food consumption.
Anorexia nervosa is a severe change in eating behavior characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at normal levels, a strong fear of gaining weight, and a change in body awareness. There are several subtypes of anorexia nervosa: Restrictive, which describes scenarios where weight loss is achieved through dieting or intensive exercise, without bingeing or purging, while another type involves compulsive purging for identification. A person who regularly uses bingeing or purging does not have binge episodes but uses purging after eating small amounts of food.
Symptoms of Bulimia
It starts with diets to improve physical appearance. The desire to eat sweets and fatty foods is very strong. Feelings of anger, tiredness, anxiety, loneliness, or boredom provoke compulsive eating. After an episode, there is a great sense of guilt or various methods are attempted to eliminate the food ingested (induced vomiting, laxatives, etc.). Anxiety or compulsion to eat. Vomiting. Abuse of laxatives and diuretics. Following various diets. Dehydration. Menstrual irregularities. Sudden weight gain and loss. Increased dental cavities. The habit becomes ingrained.
Symptoms of Anorexia
The diagnosis of anorexia is based not only on the absence of a defined organic origin but also on the presence of certain characteristics. In this sense, it is important to remember the criteria considered by the American Psychiatric Association for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa: Refusal to maintain body weight above the minimum normal for age and size. Adoption of diets, which give the affected person a sense of power and control. The sole goal is "to be thin." The character is hostile and irritable. Depression sets in. Intense physical activity. Intense fear of weight gain or becoming obese even with a lower-than-normal weight. Distortion of the perception of one's own weight, size, or shape. In women, the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles (primary or secondary amenorrhea). Constipation. Concern about food calories. Abdominal pain. Sensitivity to cold. Vomiting. Obsession with food preparation. Progressive restriction of food. Obsession with the scale. Concern about appearance and ideas. Many lies and tricks. Hyperactivity and obsessive concern for studies without enjoying them.
Risk Factors
Complications due to induced vomiting include: glandular thickening (neck area), cavities, root erosion, loss of teeth. Esophageal tearing. Chronic esophagitis. Chronic throat inflammation, difficulty swallowing. Stomach spasms. Digestive problems. Anemia. Electrolyte imbalances. Gastrointestinal issues and hypokalemia (low potassium concentrations in the blood).
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